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Several persons were burned at Utrecht and Trier by the Holy Roman Emporer in 1135 as heretics.

Wolfgang Pinder (Binder), a Hutterite martyr, was seized in the summer of 1570 at Schärding on the Inn and taken to Burghausen (Bavaria), where, after several trials, he was so severely tortured that he was unable to stand. Since he refused to recant, he was beheaded at Schärding in February 1571."The executioner handled him very badly: he could not strike him properly, nor execute him with dispatch; he finally, while he was lying on his back on the earth, had to hack or cut off his head as best he could; so that he himself was in great fear, and in the great peril of his life from the people present, so that he vowed never again in his life to execute any brethren."

Johan Knel (Büchner) was an Anabaptist martyr, burned at the stake in London on 2 May 1550, with Anna Cantiana, because they believed "with Menno Simons . . . that the Son of God . . . did not receive His humanity from Mary."

Stephen is considered the first Christian martyr as recorded in the biblical account in the Acts of the Apostles chapter 7. Braught wrote that "the stones were to him as rivers of sweetness."

Leonhard Bernkopff (Bärnkopf), an Anabaptist martyr, was burned at the stake with unusual cruelty in 1542 at Salzburg because he persisted in his faith.

David van der Leyen (or Verleyen), an Anabaptist martyr, was executed with Levina Ghyselius at Ghent, Belgium on 14 February 1554 by burning at the stake.

This photo is of a [painting?] of an unidentified [Prussian?] town. Large houses, fences, and trees can be seen. In the background are hills.

This is a photo of the well-known picture by Daniel Chodowicki entitled "Der Heiratsantrag" (Marriage proposal). [HR 23]

This photo is of the sky line of the Prussian city of Danzig. On the far right is Alt Schottland (Old Scotland), is a suburb where many Mennonites lived in the 17th and 18th centruies. -- Note: mounted

This photo is a portrait of Jacob de Veer who lived in Danzig (June 2, 1739-June 23, 1807). He became Aeltester in 1790 after the death of Peter Epp in Danzig. De Veer was elected as deacon in 1772, and minister in 1774. Photo from Mitteilungen August 1939, H. 4, p. 1126. -- Note: this photo is mounted.

This item is a colour reproduction of a New year's Wish created by Katharina Thunn.

This is a photo of a drawing of George Trappe sitting in a chair beside a window and holding a piece of paper. He was the director and curator of the colonies in Tauride.

This is a photo of a piece that was cut and worked by Catarina Siemens, 1790 as a "Weihnachtswunsch" (Christmas wish) for her parents. This picture is a reproduction from B. H. Mayer, Danzig. Collection "German Folk Art", Publishing House Boehlau. [HR 25]

This fonds contains the records of the Russian government department that was responsible for all issues related to the foreign settlers in Russia. The department was charged to ensure the success of the settlers. Of high interest to family historian are the vital records of births, marriages and deaths for the Chortitza Mennonite Colony for much of 1801 and 1802. There are also lists of children vaccinated (see 1809 and 1814 lists). A fair number of files relate to criminal cases or other situations where legal documents were generated due to some type of conflict in the colonies. Other files contain primarily statistical information about the colonies. The files also provide considerable information about how the Office of Guardianship governed the colonies.
The content is organized chronologically with file descriptions listed in eight (8) separate finding aids called inventories (i.e. Inventories no. 1, 1a, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8).
See "Fund 6 Overview chart" linked with this description and "Finding Aid Links" to inventory file lists and indexes.

This is a photo of Bernhard Harder, Mennonite minister and poet.