This photo shows six young men -- all neatly dressed in black pants and shirts, and shiny boots. J.P. Dyck, narrator of the slide presentation used this photo to speak about the experience of non-resistant Mennonite boys during the implementation of communism in Russia. All boys born in 1901 were first called for 1 1/2 years of service [at age 21] and then those born in 1902. They were assigned hard labour or prison sentences.

This item consists of Mennonites in Red Army, Novocherkask. Ukraine (2 copies and negative)

This photo shows a group known as 45th Artillery Regiment under the command of a Penner as part of the Russian (Soviet Union or USSR) armed forces. There are 35 Mennonites on the photo, who all have various positions within the regiment. Included are the following: Dietrich Hiebert, Franz Buhr and David Janzen (in the front); Gerhard Penner, Johann Fast and Jacob Friesen (in the back).