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Archival description
World War, 1939-1945 - Conscientious objectors
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John Thut Photographs

  • US MCUSAA HM4/388
  • Collection
  • 1920-1946

The richest materials among these photographs are the140 color slides depicing Thut's volunteer work in England with German prisoners of war after World War II and his subsequent travel in the Western United States to Civilian Public Service (CPS) camps. These labeled and well-composed slides include images of Thut's living and working conditions in England, art work made by German POWs, and scenes of CPS work in Montana, South Dakota, and California. Also of note is a slide of Peter and Elfrieda Dyck's wedding gifts.

Click on "Online Images / Records" to see an inventory of the slides.

Other materials among Thut's photographs include a number of poorly-labeled black and white photographic prints of Goshen College in the early 1920s. Notable scenes include a May Day celebration and the construction of the college gymnasium. Also included is his passport obtained in 1944.

Thut, John, 1898-1994

Harvey H. Weirich Papers

  • US MCUSAA HM1/938
  • Collection
  • 1940-2007

This small set of papers focuses primarily on Weirich's Civilian Public Service (CPS) work building flood control structures in Iowa and serving as a smoke jumper. Materials include an album of photographs and documents, collected articles on smoke jumpers, and newsletters and ephemera from Camp 18 (Denison, Iowa) and Camp 103 (Missoula, Montana). Also included are 26 photographs of First Mennonite Church (Middlebury, Indiana) in the 1950s and 1960s. Subjects include members of the church's baseball team circa 1950.

Weirich, Harvey H., 1924-2010

Harold and Philip Wik Family Papers

  • US MCUSAA HM1/991
  • Collection
  • 1900-2007

Papers of a Harold Wik, a Mennonite service worker who volunteered with Civilian Public Service, Mennonite Central Committee and missionary to China and Malaya (West Malaysia), and his son Philip Wik.  Documents include correspondence, photographs, two Wik family histories, and a Wik family anthology.  The family histories and anthologies integrate historical family documents or photocopies thereof into the text.

Wik, Harold

Marvin L. Newcomer Papers

  • US MCUSAA HM1/1021
  • Collection
  • 1864-2001

This collection documents Newcomer's experiences in Civilian Public Service camps as a conscientious objector during World War II. Materials include ration books, camp rosters, photographs, miscellaneous correspondence, and a memoir of his experiences.

The collection also documents Newcomer's interest in the history of Mennonites in northern Indiana, specifically the Yellow Creek Mennonite Church. They include photographs, estate sale bills, and photocopied documents related to Yellow Creek members who were conscientious objectors during World War I.

Marvin L. Newcomer, 1922-2004

Joseph Vale photograph collection

  • CA MAO Hist.Mss.1.280
  • File
  • 1941-1997

Photographs taken and collected by Joseph Vale during his trip to Greece aboard the Plymouth Victory in 1947 with the "seagoing cowboys." Also, photographs taken and collected by Joseph Vale documenting subsequent reunions of the Plymouth Victory "cowboys" and wives.

Vale, Joseph

Visit with peace activists Fred Snyder and Siegfried Bartel

Two Second World War veterans who later became peace activists, Siegfried Bartel and Fred Snyder, met for the first time in November 1993. Bartel had been an officer in the German army and Snyder was an Allied radar mechanic. The two met at dinner at John and Carrie Harder' home after Bartel spoke for a week at Rockway Mennonite Collegiate, sharing his faith journey to Christian pacifism. Left to right: Addae Morgan (who was living with the Harders), Fred Snyder, Siegfried Bartel, Lorraine Snyder (Fred's wife), John Harder.

Allen B. Christophel Court Martial Proceedings and Biographical Information

  • US MCUSAA HM1/319SC
  • Collection
  • 1918-1992

Transcript of Christophel's court martial proceedings for his refusal to rake and sow grass seed at Camp Zachary Tayler, Ky.  Christophel, a Mennonite conscientious objector, refused to do this work because it "was of a military nature."  He was sentenced to ten years hard labor at Fort Leavenworth.

Also included in this small set of papers are a biographical sketch written by Russell Kraybill (1984) and a collection of memories of Christophel provided by his family, friends, and students.

Christophel, Allen B., 1892-1932

Harry Sommers Papers 1917-1919

  • US MCUSAA HM1/887
  • Collection
  • 1917-1992

Papers pertaining to a Mennonite conscientious objector's experiences during World War I.  Includes correspondence, empemera pertaining to conscientious objection, a transcript of Sommers's court martial proceedings, a parole pass, photographs, and other miscellaneous items.  Also includes a brief two page biography of Sommers written by Myron Sommers in 1992.

Sommers, Harry, 1894-1984

Gordon Oyer Collection on Civilian Public Service Camp #115 Subunit #30 (Urbana, Ill.)

  • US MCUSAA HM1/944
  • Collection
  • 1943-1991

A set of research materials assembled by Gordon Oyer to write an article on the history Civilian Public Service in Illinois, including CPS Camp #115, Subunit #30.  CPS volunteers at this camp were "guinea pigs" for medical experiments studying the physiological effects of heat and tropical conditions.  Camp #115 was a cooperative agency administered the Mennonites, Brethren, and Friends under the direction of the Office of Scientific Research and Development.  Subunit #30 was administered by Mennonite Central Committee.

Materials in this collection include the diaries of two CPS volunteer participants in these experiments:  Duane Hougham (Methodist) and George Nachtigall (Mennonite Brethren).  Nachtigall's diary is a photocopy of the original.  Also included are letters with CPS volunteers stationed in Illinois, clippings, and a copy of Oyer's article.

Oyer, Gordon

J. D. (Jacob D.) Mininger Papers 1900-1941

  • US MCUSAA HM1/011
  • Collection
  • 1900-1991

These papers of an (old) Mennonite Church evangelist and pastor to religious conscientious objectors at Fort Leavenworth during World War I are divided into five series:

(1) Correspondence, 1900-1941

(2) Materials on Conscientious Objectors at Fort Leavenworth, 1918-1919

(3) Subject Files,circa 1900-1941

(4) Sermons and Articles, undated

(5) Miscellaneous Materials, circa 1900-1991

Mininger, J. D. (Jacob D.), 1879-1941

Trees Planted by Conscientious Objectors

This is a photo of the trees planted during WWII by conscientious objectors north of Campbell River, Vancouver Island. In the foreground, with backs to the camera are (left to right): Jake Wiebe of Black Creek, B.C.; Rudy Regehr of CMBC, Winnipeg; and Frank Dyck of Winnipeg.

Unknown

Gerlof D. Homan Research Files

  • US MCUSAA HM1/965
  • Collection
  • 1916-1995

Research files of a Mennonite historian who taught at Illinois State University.  These records are divided into two series:

(1) World War I Research, 1916-1989

(2) Dutch Mennonite Research, 1989-1995

Homan, Gerlof D., 1929-

Alternative Service cabin at Montreal River camp

  • CA MAO 2011-1 4
  • Item
  • 1987

Photo is of a log cabin on the grounds of the Twilight Resort in Montreal River Harbour, Ontario. The cabin housed Mennonite Alternative Service men during World War II. Carved into one of the logs are the names of Alternative Service workers Wilmer Wagler (Shakespeare, Ontario), Emerson Wagler (Shakespeare, Ontario), Moses G. Martin and Joe Martin (Wallenstein, Ontario). The man identified as Moses G. Martin could possibly be Morris Martin or Mahlon Martin; no Moses G. Martin is found in the Alternative Service lists.

Ruth Fletcher

Timothy R. Falb Collection 1979-1984

  • US MCUSAA HM1/603
  • Collection
  • 1945-1984

A small set of research materials collected by Timothy Falb in the course of conducting three research projects -- one on the post World War II volunteers who shipped livestock overseas, one on Mennonite scholar and educator Edward Yoder, and one on the history of two sister congregations in Ohio, Martins Mennonite Church and Pleasant View Mennonite Church. Also included is an interview with Aldis Gerber, a conscientious objector during WWI. The richest sources of material in this collection are the oral histories. Researchers should note that no transcriptions are available for these oral histories.

The materials are divided into series by subject.

Falb, Timothy R., 1956-

Norman R. Landis Papers

  • US MCUSAA HM1/464SC
  • Collection
  • 1972-1973

The collection includes correspondence and materials regarding World War I Conscientious Objectors.

Landis, Norman R.

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